Risk factors of primary acute mesenteric venous thrombosis in plateau area / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To explore the risk factors of primary acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT) in plateau area.Methods:Data of 54 primary AMVT cases admitted to the People's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region between Jan 2015 and Jul 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 42 males and 12 females, aged from 29-79 years. One hundred and ninty matched volunteers severed as control. Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to screen out independent risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve are used to evaluate the value of each indicator and model prediction.Results:Univariate analysis showed that the two groups were significantly different in gender, smoking history, drinking history, and hemoglobin concentration ( P<0.05); there was no significant difference in age, altitude of residence, uric acid and BMI ( P>0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis showed that male ( OR=2.466, 95% CI: 1.166-5.212, P=0.018), elevated hemoglobin levels ( OR=2.761, 95% CI: 1.411-5.403, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for primary AMVT. The area under the ROC curve of the two predictors and prediction model are 0.639 (95% CI: 0.559-0.719), 0.650 (95% CI: 0.563-0.737), 0.697 (95% CI: 0.618-0.776). Conclusion:Male and elevated hemoglobin levels are independent risk factors for primary AMVT in plateau areas.

Generic Association Analysis on "Prescription-Formula-Dosage-Property" of Tibetan Medicine Based on Partial Order Structure and Property Theory / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:In view of the complexity of the "Prescription-Formula-Dosage-Property" relationship of Tibetan medicine and the outstanding common relationship，it is difficult to reveal the hidden and specific rules of clinical medication of Tibetan medicine. Method:Based on the attribute partial order structure and the vector structure model of "Ro-Nus-Zhu-Rjes"（Taste，Post-Digestive Tastes and Potency），clustering analysis and other methods and software，this study analyzed the "Prescription-Formula-Dosage-Property" relationship of 184 commonly used prescriptions in the 1995 edition of the standards issued by the Ministry of Tibetan medicine（SIMTM）. Result:Among them，the analysis of the relationship between prescription and formula found that 11 prescriptions with the largest common attribute，such as Chebulae Fructus and Carthami Flos，were the key components of classification and compatibility，which could effectively classify the 8 kinds of prescriptions for the treatment of lung disease，tripa disease and blood fever. Among them，the san Yin and auxiliary viscera function prescriptions，such as Sanguotang powder and Liuwei Liangyao powder，had the strongest commonality. According to the analysis of relationship between formula and dosage ，the dosage of Chebulae Fructus，Carthami Flos，pomegranate seed，Phyllanthi Fructus was the highest，which suggested that these drugs were often used as primary drugs，while the Liuwei Liangyao powder，such as Amomi Fructus Rotundus and Tsaoko Fructus，had a higher frequency but a lower dose，which mainly played a role in regulating the overall drug property of the prescription and protecting the viscera. The Tibetan medicine-specific drugs including Moschus，Bovis Calculus，and Zhaxun，which were used in a high frequency but very low dose，had the effect of enhancing the drug property and guiding the affected part. According to the analysis of the relationship between dosage and property，there were many prescriptions belonging to cool nature，accounting for 75.6%. It was found that 67 prescriptions did not conform to the efficacy due to their different dosage. Conclusion:There are many common components and common usages in Tibetan medicine prescriptions. If these common associations are not treated，it will lead to the result that all diseases take these common associations as the core，but the hidden key factors cannot be solved. Therefore，it is necessary to pay attention to sensitivity and specificity at the multi-dimensional level of "prescription-formula-dosage-property"，so as to reveal the clinical medication thought of Tibetan medicine more effectively.

Complete chloroplast genome of Sophora alopecuroides (Papilionoideae): molecular structures, comparative genome analysis and phylogenetic analysis

Sophora alopecuroides belongs to the genus Sophora of the family Papilionoideae. It is mainly distributed in the desert and semidesert areas of northern China, and has high medicinal value and ecological function. Previous studies have reported the chemical composition and ecological functions of S. alopecuroides. However, only a few reports are available on the genomic information of S. alopecuroides, especially the chloroplast genome, which greatly limits the study of the evolutionary relationship between other species of Papilionoideae. Here, we report the complete chloroplast genome of S. alopecuroides. The size of the chloroplast genome is 155,207 bp, and the GC content is 36.44%. The S. alopecuroides chloroplast genome consists of 132 genes, including 83 protein-coding genes, 41 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and eight ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the taxonomic position of S. alopecuroidesin Papilionoideae, and the genus Sophora and the genus Ammopiptanthus were highly related. Comparative genomics analysis revealed the gene rearrangement in the evolution of S. alopecuroides. The comparison between S. alopecuroides and the species of the Papilionoideae identified a novel 23 kb inversion between the trnC-GCA and trnF-GAA which occurred before the divergence of Sophora and Ammopiptanthus of Thermopsideae. This study provided an essential data for the understanding of phylogenetic status of S. alopecuroides.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Nitraria tangutorum, a desert shrub

The chloroplast genome sequence of Nitraria tangutorum, a desert shrub, was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology and analysed phylogenetically in the present study. The chloroplast genome is 159,414 bp in length, including a large single copy region of 87,924 bp and small single copy region of 18,318 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions of 26,586 bp. The chloroplast genome contains 110 unique genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. Most of these genes are present as a single copy and in two or more copies 19 genes occurred. Seventeen genes have one intron, and clpP and ycf3 genes contain two introns. A total of 81 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified, most of them were found to be mononucleotide repeats composed of A/T. In addition to SSRs, 66 repeats were identified, including 41 tandem repeats, 10 palindromic repeats, and 15 forward repeats. The phylogenetic analysis based on 54 protein-coding genes demonstrated a close relationship between N. tangutorum and other plant species in Sapindales. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of N. tangutorum will provide important data for further study of taxonomy and systematics of the genus Nitraria.

Factors Related to Ventricular Size and Valvular Regurgitation in Healthy Tibetans in Lhasa / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Lhasa is the main residence of Tibetans and one of the highest cities in the world. Its unique geography and ethnic population provide the chance to investigate the interactions among high altitude, ethnicity, and cardiac adaptation. Meanwhile, echocardiographic data about healthy Tibetans on a large scale are not available. This study aimed to analyze physiological factors related to ventricular size and valvular function in healthy Tibetans in Lhasa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A representative sample of residents in Tibet was recruited using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements and Doppler evaluation for valvular function were performed. Healthy Tibetans in Lhasa constituted the study population. Associations between physiological parameters and ventricular dimensions in healthy Tibetans were analyzed by canonical correlation analysis. Factors related to valvular regurgitations were determined by logistic regression analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 454 healthy Tibetans (340 females and 114 male) in Lhasa were included in the final analysis. Canonical correlation analysis revealed that weight was positively correlated with the proximal right ventricular outflow diameter and the basal left ventricular linear dimension in both genders. Weight and pulse were negatively related to mild tricuspid regurgitation. Age was a positive factor for pulmonary and aortic regurgitations. The same was found between systolic blood pressure and mitral regurgitation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Weight is associated with ventricular size and valvular regurgitation in healthy Tibetans. It should be of more concern in research of high altitude population.</p>

Clinical analysis of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura on the Tibetan Plateau, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical characteristics of childhood Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) on the Tibetan Plateau, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty-five HSP children admitted to Shannan People's Hospital, Tibet, were assigned to the observation group, and 96 HSP children admitted to Wuhan Children's Hospital were assigned to the control group. The disease characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis in both groups were retrospectively analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean age of HSP onset and the female-to-male ratio in the observation group were both significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in seasonal onset between two groups. Significant differences in the etiological factors were observed between the two groups (P<0.05). The gastrointestinal manifestation was more prominent in the observation group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). Laboratory findings showed that the mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate, counts of white blood cells and platelets, and percentage of neutrophil leucocytes were significantly lower, while the hemoglobin level was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). A total of 124 HSP patients (99.2%) in the observation group had a full recovery or improvement, and the overall cure rate and improvement rate showed no significant differences between two groups (P>0.05). Only 2.4% of the patients (3 cases) in the observation group had recurrent attack during follow-up, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (16.7%; P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Childhood HSP on the Tibetan Plateau shows partial differences in disease characteristics, clinical manifestations, and laboratory measurements compared with that in the plain area. The overall prognosis is better and the recurrent rate is lower among HSP children on the Tibetan Plateau.</p>

Anti-hypoxia and anti-oxidation effects of aminophylline on human with acute high-altitude exposure / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the anti-hypoxia and anti-oxidation effects of aminophylline on human with acute high-altitude exposure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 100 young male army members newly recruited from Sichuan province (400 meters above sea level) were enrolled. They were randomly divided into two groups: 50 in aminophylline group (A group) and 50 in control group (C group). A group and C group orally took aminophylline and placebo respectively for 10 days, 7 days before entering Lhasa (3 658 meters above sea level) by air and 3 days after it. Several parameters were measured at three time points: before drug taken, 7 days after drug taken, and 3 days after ascending high altitude. These parameters included serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), hydrogen dioxide (H2O2), lactic acid (LA), as well as arterial oxygen saturation (SO2), arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2). Statistical analysis was conducted to compare the difference between two groups with Stata 7.0 software system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no statistical differences between groups in hypoxia and oxidation indicators before and after drug taken in plain area. Three days after ascending high altitude, the serum levels of SOD, CAT, H2O2, LA, PaCO2 increased in both groups, yet to a much larger degree in C group than A group (P < 0.01); and NO, SO2, PaO2 decreased more markedly in C group (P < 0.05 for NO, P < 0.0001 for SO2 and PaO2).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aminophylline has significant anti-hypoxia and anti-oxidation effects at high altitude.</p>